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, also known as the wasei-eigo construction , is a Japanese technical term for a genre of art and fictional media that focuses on male same-sex love, usually created by gay men for a gay audience. The bara genre began in the 1950s〔ADONIS was launches in 1952.〕 with fetish magazines featuring gay art and content. Besides bara manga, also called , and illustration, a number of bara erotic games exist, as well as novels and memoirs. Bara is mostly a Japanese phenomenon, with limited western exposure through manga scanlations and online homoerotic art communities. While bara faces difficulties finding western publishers, it has been described as "the next big porn wave coming out of Japan".〔Butcher, Christopher. ("Queer love manga style" ).〕 Bara can vary in visual style and plot, but typically features masculine men with varying degrees of muscle, body fat, and body hair, akin Bear (gay culture) in gay culture. While bara usually features adult content (sometimes violent or exploitative) and gay romanticism, it often has more realistic or autobiographical themes, as it acknowledges the varied reactions to homosexuality in Japan. Western commentators sometimes refer to bara as "yaoi", but yaoi is largely created by and for women and features idealized bishōnen who frequently conform to the heteronormative formula of the dominant and masculine seme and effeminate uke characters.〔Linderström, Jenny. ("Boys' Love: En studie av maskuliniteter och maktrelationer i yaoi manga" ).〕 By contrast, bara is considered a subgenre of seijin (men's erotica) for gay males and resembles comics for men (seinen) rather than comics for female readers (shōjo/josei). ==Terminology== Gay magazine Adonis was launched in 1952. The term ''bara'' in relation to gay material for men originated in the 1960s, possibly as a result of ''Bara kei'' (Ordeal by Roses, published in 1961), a collection of semi-nude photographs of the gay author Yukio Mishima by photographer Eikoh Hosoe, and was reinforced by the early and influential gay men's magazine , founded in 1971 and the first gay magazine in Asia to be sold at mainstream bookshops. ''Bara-eiga'' ("rose film") has been used since the 1980s to describe gay cinema. Historically, the term "bara" has not been used to refer exclusively to a genre of manga or other erotic works; in fact, the Japanese publishing industry does not use the term at all. In the modern Japanese context, the genre of manga that the word "bara" refers to in English is known as "Men's Love" ("ML" for short) or "gei comi", and the term "bara" is used much more flexibly by the gay community as an umbrella term for gay general interest content, such as heterosexual erotica with attractive men, gay fashion and athletics, as well as gay erotic content, a usage that has been prevalent since at least the initial publication of ''Barazoku'', which included such variety of contents. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bara (genre)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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